Solution to 1986 Problem 15


We assume the particles are not interacting and that each particle has an equal probability to be anywhere in the box. Then the probability that a particle is within a volume V is
\begin{align*}\frac{V}{\mbox{total volume of the box}}\end{align*}
So, the probability that a particle is confined to a volume \left(1 - 10^{-6}\right) \;\mathrm{m}^3 is
\begin{align*}\frac{\left(1 - 10^{-6}\right) \;\mathrm{m}^3}{ 1 \;\mathrm{m}^3} = 1 - 10^{-6}\end{align*}
Because we assume that the particles are non-interacting, the probabilities for different particles are independent of one another, and so the probability that all of the particles are confined to a volume of \left(1 - 10^{-6}\right) \;\mathrm{m}^3 is
\begin{align*}\boxed{\left(1 - 10^{-6} \right)^N}\end{align*}
Hence, answer (C) is correct.


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